Next Section | Table of Contents

REFERENCES

Aksu, A.E., de Vernal, A., and Mudie, P.J., 1989. High-resolution foraminifer, palynologic, and stable isotopic records of upper Pleistocene sediments from the Labrador Sea: paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic trends. In Srivastava, S.P., Arthur, M.A., Clement, B., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 105: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 617–652.

Alley, R.B., Clark, P.U., Keigwin, L.D., and Webb, R.S., 1999. Making sense of millennial-scale climate change. In Clark, P.U., Webb, R.S., and Keigwin, L.D. (Eds.), Mechanisms of Global Climate Change at Millennial Time Scales. Geophys. Monogr., 112:385–394.

Antonov, J.I., 1993. Linear trends of temperature at intermediate and deep layers of the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans: 1957–1981. J. Climate, 6:1928–1942.

Arthur, M.A., Srivastava, S.P., Kaminski, M., Jarrard, R., and Osler, J., 1989. Seismic stratigraphy and history of deep circulation and sediment drift development in Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea. In Srivastava, S.P., Arthur, M.A., Clement, B., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 105: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 957–988.

Baumgartner, S., Beer, J., Masarik, J., Wagner, G., Meynadier, L., and Synal, H.-A., 1998. Geomagnetic modulation of the 36Cl flux in the GRIP ice core. Science, 279:1330–1332.

Bender, M., Sowers, T., Dickson, M.L., Orchardo, J., Grootes, P., Mayewski, P., and Meese, D.A., 1994. Climate correlations between Greenland and Antarctica during the past 100,000 years. Nature, 372:663–666.

Bond, G., Heinrich, H., Broecker, W., Labeyrie, L.D., McManus, J., Andrews, J., Huon, S., Jantschik, R., Clasen, S., Simet, C., Tedesco, K., Klas, M., Bonani, G., and Ivy, S., 1992. Evidence for massive discharges of icebergs into the North Atlantic Ocean during the last glacial period. Nature, 360:245–249.

Bond, G., Kromer, B., Beer, J., Muscheler, R., Evans, M.N., Showers, W., Hoffmann, S., Lotti-Bond, R., Hajdas, I., and Bonani, G., 2001. Persistent solar influence on North Atlantic climate during the Holocene. Science, 294:2130–2136.

Bond, G.C., Broecker, W., Johnsen, S., McManus, J., Labeyrie, L., Jouzel, J., and Bonani, G., 1993. Correlations between climate records from North Atlantic sediments and Greenland ice. Nature, 365:143–147.

Bond, G.C., Showers, W., Elliot, M., Evans, M., Lotti, R., Hajdas, I., Bonani, G., and Johnson, S., 1999. The North Atlantic's 1–2 kyr climate rhythm: relation to Heinrich events, Dansgaard/Oescher cycles and the Little Ice Age. In Clark, P.U., Webb, R.S., and Keigwin, L.D. (Eds.), Mechanisms of Global Climate Change at Millennial Time Scales. Geophys. Monogr., 112:35–58.

Broecker, W.S., Peteet, D.M., and Rind, D.H., 1985. Does the ocean-atmosphere system have more than one stable mode of operation? Nature, 315:21–26.

Campbell, I.D., Campbell, C., Apps, M.J., Rutter, N.W., and Bush, A.B.G., 1998. Late Holocene ~1500 yr climatic periodicities and their implications. Geology, 26:471–473.

Carlut, J., and Courtillot, V., 1998. How complex is the time-averaged geomagnetic field over the past 5 Myr? Geophys. J. Int., 134:527–544.

Channell, J.E.T., 1999. Geomagnetic paleointensity and directional secular variation at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 984 (Bjorn Drift) since 500 ka: comparisons with ODP Site 983 (Gardar Drift). J. Geophys. Res., 104:22937–22951.

Channell, J.E.T., Hodell, D.A., and Lehman, B., 1997. Relative geomagnetic paleointensity and 18O at ODP Site 983 (Gardar Drift, North Atlantic) since 350 ka. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 153:103–118.

Channell, J.E.T., Hodell, D.A., McManus, J., and Lehman, B., 1998. Orbital modulation of the Earth's magnetic field intensity. Nature, 394:464–468.

Channell, J.E.T., and Lehman, B., 1997. The last two geomagnetic polarity reversals recorded in high-deposition-rate sediment drifts. Nature, 389:712–715.

Channell, J.E.T., Mazaud, A., Sullivan, A., Turner, S., and Raymo, M.E., 2002. Geomagnetic excursions and paleointensities in the 0.9–2.15 Ma interval of the Matuyama Chron at ODP Site 983 and 984 (Iceland Basin). J. Geophys. Res., 107:10.1029/2001JB000491.

Channell, J.E.T., Stoner, J.S., Hodell, D.A., and Charles, C.D., 2000. Geomagnetic paleointensity for the last 100 kyr from the sub-antarctic South Atlantic: a tool for inter-hemispheric correlation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 175:145–160.

Chapman, D.S., and Harris, R.N., 1993. Repeat temperature measurements in Borehole GC-1, northwestern Utah: towards isolating a climate-change signal in borehole temperature profiles. Geophys. Res. Lett., 18:1891–1894.

Chapman, M.R., and Shackleton, N.J., 1999. Global ice-volume fluctuations, North Atlantic ice-rafting events, and deep-ocean circulation changes between 130 and 70 ka. Geology, 27:795–798.

Clark, P.U., Webb, R.S., and Keigwin, L.D. (Eds.), 1999. Mechanisms of Global Climate Change at Millennial Time Scales. Geophys. Monogr., Vol. 112.

Clement, B.M., Hall, F.J., and Jarrard, R.D., 1989. The magnetostratigraphy of Ocean Drilling Program Leg 105 sediments. In Srivastava, S.P., Arthur, M.A., Clement, B., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 105: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 583–595.

Crowley, T.J., 1999. Correlating high-frequency climate variations. Paleoceanography, 14:271–272.

Dickson, B., 1997. From the Labrador Sea to global change. Nature, 386:649–650.

Finkel, R.C., and Nishiizumi, K., 1997. Beryllium-10 concentrations in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core from 3–40 ka. J. Geophys. Res., 102:26699–26706.

Flower, B.P., Oppo, D.W., McManus, J.F., Venz, K.A., Hodell, D.A., and Cullen, J., 2000. North Atlantic Intermediate to Deep Water circulation and chemical stratification during the past 1 Myr. Paleoceanography, 15:388–403.

Frank, M., Schwarz, B., Baumann, S., Kubik, P.W., Suter, M., and Mangini, A., 1997. A 200 kyr record of cosmogenic radionuclide production rate and geomagnetic field intensity from 10Be in globally stacked deep-sea sediments. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 149:121–129.

Gammelsrød, T., Østerhus, S., and Godøy, Ø., 1992. Decadal variations of ocean climate in the Norwegian Sea at Ocean Station `Mike' (65°N, 2°E). ICES J. Mar. Sci., 195:68–75.

Glatzmaier, G.A., and Roberts, P.H., 1995. A 3-dimensional self-consistent computer-simulation of a geomagnetic-field reversal. Nature, 377:203–209.

Gubbins, D., 1999. The distinction between geomagnetic excursions and reversals. Geophys. J. Int., 137:F1–F3.

Guyodo, Y., Gaillot, P., and Channell, J.E.T., 2000. Wavelet analysis of relative geomagnetic paleointensity at ODP Site 983. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 184:109–123.

Guyodo, Y., and Valet, J.-P., 1996. Relative variations in geomagnetic intensity from sedimentary records: the past 200,000 years. Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett., 143:23–36.

Henderson, S., and Wright, J.D., 2004. Holocene paleoceanography on the Eirik Drift. Eos, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 85(17). Abstract.

Hillaire-Marcel, C., De Vernal, A., Bilodeau, G., and Wu, G., 1994. Isotope stratigraphy, sedimentation rates, deep circulation, and carbonate events in the Labrador Sea during the last ~200 ka. Can. J. Earth Sci., 31:63–89.

Hongre, L., Hulot, G., and Khokhlov, A., 1998. An analysis of the geomagnetic field over the past 2000 years. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 106:311–335.

Hulot, G., and Le Mouël, J.-L., 1994. A statistical approach to the Earth's main magnetic field. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 82:167–183.

Johnson, C.L., and Constable, C.G., 1997. The time-averaged geomagnetic field: global and regional biases for 0–5 Ma. Geophys. J. Int., 131:643–666.

Keigwin, L.D., Rio, D., Acton, G.D., et al., 1998. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 172: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).

Kelly, P., and Gubbins, D., 1997. The geomagnetic field over the past 5 million years. Geophys. J. Int., 128:315–330.

Kissel, C., Laj, C., Labeyrie, L., Dokken, T., Voelker, A., and Blamart, D., 1999. Rapid climatic variations during marine isotopic Stage 3: magnetic analysis of sediments from Nordic Seas and North Atlantic. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 171:489–502.

Kleiven, H.F., Jansen, E., Curry, W.B., Hodell, D.A., and Venz, K., 2003. Atlantic Ocean thermohaline circulation changes on orbital to suborbital timescales during the mid-Pleistocene. Paleoceanography, 18:10.1029/2001PA000629.

Laj, C., Kissel, C., Mazaud, A., Channell, J.E.T., and Beer, J., 2000. North Atlantic paleointensity stack since 75 ka (NAPIS-75) and the duration of the Laschamp Event. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., 358:1009–1025.

Lund, S.P., Acton, G., Clement, B., Hastedt, M., Okada, M., and Williams, T., 1998. Geomagnetic field excursions occurred often during the last million years. Eos, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 79:178–179.

Lund, S.P., Acton, G.D., Clement, B., Okada, M., and Williams, T., 2001a. Paleomagnetic records of Stage 3 excursions, Leg 172. In Keigwin, L.D., Rio, D., Acton, G.D., and Arnold, E. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 172, 1–20 [Online]. Available from World Wide Web: <http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/172_SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/SR172_11.PDF>.

Lund, S.P., Williams, T., Acton, G., Clement, B., and Okada, M., 2001b. Brunhes Chron magnetic-field excursions recovered from Leg 172 sediments. In Keigwin, L.D., Rio, D., Acton, G.D., and Arnold, E. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 172, 1–18 [Online]. Available from World Wide Web: <http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/172_SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/SR172_10.PDF>.

Mazaud, A., Laj, C., and Bender, M., 1994. A geomagnetic chronology for Antarctic ice accumulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21:337–340.

McManus, J., Bond, G., Broecker, W., Johnsen, S., Laybeyrie, L., and Higgins, S., 1994. High resolution climate records from the North Atlantic during the last interglacial. Nature, 371:326–329.

McManus, J.F., Oppo, D.W., and Cullen, J.L., 1999. A 0.5 million year record of millennial-scale climate variability in the North Atlantic. Science, 283:971–975.

Meese, D., Alley, R., Gow, T., Grootes, P.M., Mayewski, P., Ram, M., Taylor, K., Waddington, E., and Zielinski, G., 1994. Preliminary depth-age scale of the GISP2 ice core. CRREL Spec. Rep., 94-1.

Meynadier, L., Valet, J.-P., Weeks, R.J., Shackleton, N.J., and Hagee, V.L., 1992. Relative geomagnetic intensity of the field during the last 140 ka. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 114:39–57.

Oppo, D.W., McManus, J.F., and Cullen, J.L., 1998. Abrupt climate events 500,000 to 340,000 years ago: evidence from subpolar North Atlantic sediments. Science, 279:1335–1338.

Poli, M.S., Thunell, R.C., and Rio, D., 2000. Millennial-scale changes in North Atlantic Deep Water circulation during marine isotope Stages 11 and 12: linkage to Antarctic climate. Geology, 28:807–810.

Raisbeck G.M., Yiou, F., Bourles, D., Lorius, C., Jouzel, J., and Barkov, N.I., 1987. Evidence for two intervals of enhanced 10Be deposition in Antarctic ice during the last glacial period. Nature, 326:273–277.

Raymo, M., Ganley, K., Carter, S., Oppo, D.W., and McManus, J., 1998. Millennial-scale climate instability during the early Pleistocene epoch. Nature, 392:699–702.

Raymo, M.E., 1999. Appendix. New insights into Earth's history: an introduction to Leg 162 postcruise research published in journals. In Raymo, M.E., Jansen, E., Blum, P., and Herbert, T.D. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 162: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 273–275.

Raymo, M.E., Hodell, D., and Jansen, E., 1992. Response of deep ocean circulation to initiation of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (3–2 Ma). Paleoceanography, 7:645–672.

Roemmich, D., and Wunsch, C., 1984. Apparent changes in the climatic state of the deep North Atlantic Ocean. Nature, 307:447–450.

Ruddiman, W.F., 1977. Late Quaternary deposition of ice-rafted sand in the subpolar North Atlantic (Lat 40°N to 65°N). Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 88:1813–1827.

Sarnthein, M., Stattegger, K., Dreger, D., Erienkeuser, H., Grootes, P., Haupt, B., Jung, S., Kiefer, T., Kuhnt, W., Pflaumann, U., Schäfer-Neth, C., Schulz, H., Schulz, M., Seidov, D., Simstich, J., van Kreveld-Alfane, S., Vogelsang, E., Völker, A., and Weinelt, M., 2001. Fundamental modes and abrupt changes in North Atlantic circulation and climate over the last 60 k.y.—concepts, reconstruction, and numerical modeling. In Schäfer, P. et al. (Eds.), The Northern Atlantic: A Changing Environment: Berlin (Springer-Verlag), 365–410.

Schmieder, F., von-Dobeneck, T., and Bleil, U., 2002. The mid-Pleistocene climate transition as documented in the deep South Atlantic Ocean: initiation, interim state and terminal event. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 179:539–549.

Shipboard Scientific Party, 1987. Site 646. In Srivastava, S.P., Arthur, M., Clement, B., et al., Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 105: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 419–674.

Sirocko, F., Garbe-Schönberg, D., McIntyre, A., and Molfino, B., 1996. Teleconnections between the subtropical monsoons and high-latitude climates during the last deglaciation. Science, 272:526 –529.

Stein, R., Littke, R., Stax, R., and Welte, D.H., 1989. Quantity, provenance, and maturity of organic matter at ODP Sites 645, 646, and 647: implications for reconstruction of paleoenvironments in Baffin Bay and Labrador Sea during Tertiary and Quaternary time. In Srivastava, S.P., Arthur, M.A., Clement, B., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 105: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 185–208.

Stoner, J.S., Channell, J.E.T., and Hillaire-Marcel, C., 1995. Late Pleistocene relative geomagnetic paleointensity from the deep Labrador Sea: regional and global correlations. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 134:237–252.

Stoner, J.S., Channell, J.E.T., and Hillaire-Marcel, C., 1998. A 200 ka geomagnetic chronostratigraphy for the Labrador Sea: indirect correlation of the sediment record to SPECMAP. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 159:165 –181.

Stoner, J.S., Channell, J.E.T., Hillaire-Marcel, C., and Kissel, C., 2000. Geomagnetic paleointensity and environmental record from Labrador Sea Core MD95-2024: global marine sediment and ice core chronostratigraphy for the last 110 kyr. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 183:161–177.

Stoner, J.S., Channell, J.E.T., Hodell, D.A., and Charles, C.D., 2003. A ~580-kyr paleomagnetic record from the sub-Antarctic South Atlantic (Ocean Drilling Program Site 1089). J. Geophys. Res., 108:10.1029/2001JB001390.

Stoner, J.S., Laj, C., Channell, J.E.T., and Kissel, C., 2002. South Atlantic (SAPIS) and North Atlantic (NAPIS) geomagnetic paleointensity stacks (0–80 ka): implications for inter-hemispheric correlation. Quat. Sci. Rev., 21:1141–1151.

Toews, M.W., and Piper, D.J.W., 2002. Recurrence intervals of seismically triggered mass-transport deposits at Orphan Knoll continental margin off Newfoundland and Labrador. Curr. Res.—Geol. Surv. Can., E17:1–8.

Tric, E., Valet, J.-P., Tucholka, P., Paterne, M., Labeyrie, L., Guichard, F., Tauxe, L., and Fontugne, M., 1992. Paleointensity of the geomagnetic field during the last 80,000 years. J. Geophys. Res., 97:9337–9351.

van Kreveld, S., Sarnthein, M., Erienkeuser, H., Grootes, P., Jung, S., Nadeau, M.J., Pflaumann, U., and Voelker, A., 2000. Potential links between surging ice sheets, circulation changes, and the Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles in the Irminger Sea. Paleoceanography, 15:425–442.

Venz, K.A., Hodell, D.A., Stanton, C., and Warnke, D.A., 1999. A 1.0 Myr record of glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water variability from ODP Site 982 in the Northeast Atlantic. Paleoceanography, 14:42–52.

Voelker, A.H.L., Sarnthein, M., Grootes, P.M., Erlenkeuser, H., Laj, C., Mazaud, A., Nadeau, M.-J., and Schleicher, M., 1998. Correlation of marine 14C ages from the Nordic Seas with the GISP2 isotope record: implications for 14C calibration beyond 25 ka BP. Radiocarbon, 40:517–534.

Wood, R.A., Keen, A.B., Mitchell, J.R.B., and Gregory, J.M., 1999. Changing spatial structure of thermohaline circulation in response to atmospheric CO2 forcing in a climate model. Nature, 399:572–575.

Wunsch, C., 1992. Decade-to-century changes in the ocean circulation. Oceanography, 5:99–06.

Yamazaki, T., 1999. Relative paleointensity of the geomagnetic field during Brunhes Chron recorded in North Pacific deep-sea sediment cores: orbital influence? Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 169:23–35.

Next Section | Table of Contents